SYSDBA vs SYSOPER
According to Oracle documentation about administrative accounts and privileges, I compared their privileges between SYSDBA and SYSOPER as below:
| Allowed Actions | SYSDBA | SYSOPER |
|---|---|---|
| Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations |  |
|
| ALTER DATABASE: open, mount, back up, or change character set | |
Only open, mount and back up |
| CREATE DATABASE | |
 |
| DROP DATABASE | |
|
| CREATE SPFILE | |
|
| ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG | |
|
| ALTER DATABASE RECOVER | |
Only complete recovery |
| Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege | |
|
Please note that, SYSDBA and SYSOPER are system privileges, not roles.
Now I have a question for you: Do you know who has SYSDBA or SYSOPER privilege in the database?