ORA-10873
Tried to open a database, but it failed with ORA-10873. Let's see a case.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
...
Database mounted.
ORA-10873: file 1 needs to be either taken out of backup mode or media
recovered
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf'
ORA-10873 means that one or some data file is in backup mode before shutdown, which prevents the database from open. As a result, it stays at mount state.
Not only SHUTDOWN ABORT, in some cases, restart a database which was running RMAN backup might also see such error.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED
Let's see how we solve it.
Solutions
There're 2 ways to release data files from ACTIVE backup mode.
RECOVER DATABASE
RECOVER DATABASE can make all data file roll forward, which implicitly ends all ACTIVE backup mode.
SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
Then we open it from mount state.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
ALTER DATABASE END BACKUP
ALTER DATABASE END BACKUP explicitly disable backup mode, then all data files are ready to be modified.
SQL> alter database end backup;
Database altered.
Then we open it.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
We solved it.